There are times when people just need to die. With death will come their healing. Sometimes in life people just continue to be in hell and to inflict pain on other people from their own personal hell -- they make it communal hell. They inflict pain and trauma on those around them.
China has gone from feudalism to communism. The common denominator is authoritarianism. Christian love, hope, and faith fly in the face of Chinese culture. Chinese culture understands duty and not love. China is structured hierarchically and the government controls the church. Seeing that there is even a birth control policy one might think that the government controls all of life.
Guanxi means "who one knows." It is the intricate system of relationships that exist in the Chinese manner of negotiating life. Guanxi controls a person's life. If someone knows someone, then that someone will get a position even if there are better qualified people applying for it. The Imperial system has a new name and a new court, but it is alive and well in China.
2009年8月6日星期四
2009年8月5日星期三
Catching up and Finishing Up
In the next day or so I will be finishing up my Chinese blog and moving on to a Sudanese blog. Stay tuned! :)
2009年3月13日星期五
March 14, 2009
Sometimes there is a deep nostalgia, even just a momentary one, for the life that one has left behind to come to China, or anywhere that isn't home. I had one of those just now. I was looking at an on-line catalog, a familiar thing for me to do, and suddenly I was remembering Trader Joe at home in Issaquah, Washington. I was remembering spring and newly warm sunny days and taking my car on a carefully planned out shopping trip to Costco/PCC/TJ. I was remembering all of the things that I can't get here in China -- but not only that, just the familiar. I was remembering the familiar. It has been almost two years since I have pumped gas into a car. I do still have a driver's license though.
2009年3月6日星期五
March 6, 2009
Today I learned in a very real sense a very real difference between Western and Chinese culture. In the classroom I was utterly freezing, my feet hurt they were so cold. At one point I moved to the back of the room to look out the window and I found (drum roll) THAT THE WINDOWS WERE OPEN!!!!! I got them closed and closed the drapes so that no one could see they'd been closed. And then I was even colder at the thought of how cold the open windows had made the room! The hour and a half bus ride back from the branch campus to the main campus where I live was not heated. I was miserable.
It appears to me after reading in the English edition of the China Daily and CNN.com on the internet that China and the US also have opposite issues in terms of our economies. The Chinese need to learn to spend money while in the US we need to learn to save money.
We discussed the Global Economic Crisis today in my classes. I was told about a school cafeteria which could no longer afford to employ all its workers. The older ones were let go at maybe 50 years of age with three months severance pay -- and no pension. Retirement age for women in China is 55 and for men is 60. The student told me that China's social welfare system is not a good one. I did not disagree.
By the way -- in continuance of the entry where I talked about the open windows of the Philippines, something else I learned there was the concept of courtyards being used to circulate the air in buildings. I think this may also have to do with the utility of the hutong in China. The hutong is a family home, or a set of rooms that are built around a courtyard. The courtyard would provide shade and if it is in a building it would serve that function of circulating air. When I visited Beijing last summer I saw some of the remaining hutongs and noticed this architectural practicality, beauty with function. In the Philippines the Silliman University has a courtyard on the bottom floor of the library. It is no longer being used because the building is now air conditioned to preserve the books. Courtyards are not as effective as preservation perhaps as air conditioning in specific forums.
It appears to me after reading in the English edition of the China Daily and CNN.com on the internet that China and the US also have opposite issues in terms of our economies. The Chinese need to learn to spend money while in the US we need to learn to save money.
We discussed the Global Economic Crisis today in my classes. I was told about a school cafeteria which could no longer afford to employ all its workers. The older ones were let go at maybe 50 years of age with three months severance pay -- and no pension. Retirement age for women in China is 55 and for men is 60. The student told me that China's social welfare system is not a good one. I did not disagree.
By the way -- in continuance of the entry where I talked about the open windows of the Philippines, something else I learned there was the concept of courtyards being used to circulate the air in buildings. I think this may also have to do with the utility of the hutong in China. The hutong is a family home, or a set of rooms that are built around a courtyard. The courtyard would provide shade and if it is in a building it would serve that function of circulating air. When I visited Beijing last summer I saw some of the remaining hutongs and noticed this architectural practicality, beauty with function. In the Philippines the Silliman University has a courtyard on the bottom floor of the library. It is no longer being used because the building is now air conditioned to preserve the books. Courtyards are not as effective as preservation perhaps as air conditioning in specific forums.
2009年3月4日星期三
Open Windows -- March 5, 2009
An equalizer of wealth and position that I saw in the Philippines were the windows. Most of the buildings had windows that were constructed in order to allow air flow -- thus taking the place of artificial air conditioning. My friends told me that while air conditioning is not necessarily a threat to the environment, its use is an issue of consumption. Who can afford it? The well to do. By using natural breezes as a cooling mechanism, the ground is leveled. A drawback to air conditioning is that there are frequent brown outs on the islands and when one is without electricity the air conditioning doesn't work, and a person is stuck in a closed room or building with no way to ventilate.
Why is it that the West, and white people, have "conquered" the world? The Chinese, for instance, have a rich history of technology and Egypt, I believe, invented the first forms of writing. Why then Western civilization?
Christianity began in the Middle East, in the heart of the world. And yet with Constantine it became the Christian Empire of the West. Nazareth -- Bethlehem -- Galilee -- Jerusalem, became the margins and not the center. Rome acquired and required Christianity and Romanized her. The lens of the West became the normal perception -- the normative lens through which everything else was evaluated.
This perception spread with colonization. A white Jesus can be found in every culture in which I have been.
I find it fascinating that even as Christianity is diminishing now in the West it is growing in the very places that were colonized. Latin America, Africa and Asia -- and there is a growing movement to strip away white man's religion and make it indigenous. There is such a power struggle with the ancient institutionalized white church wanting to control and the new centers of Christianity growing/coming into their own.
I would say at this moment that religion and language are two major tools of colonization and oppression. Language becomes split in two -- the native language which is often forbidden and the colonizing language which is often the language of the elite -- and that of access.
Access to education -- which takes money. So those who use the native, marketplace language may not have access to that which would open doors and change lives.
The tools of oppression are also the tools for change. A double edged sword.
Why is it that the West, and white people, have "conquered" the world? The Chinese, for instance, have a rich history of technology and Egypt, I believe, invented the first forms of writing. Why then Western civilization?
Christianity began in the Middle East, in the heart of the world. And yet with Constantine it became the Christian Empire of the West. Nazareth -- Bethlehem -- Galilee -- Jerusalem, became the margins and not the center. Rome acquired and required Christianity and Romanized her. The lens of the West became the normal perception -- the normative lens through which everything else was evaluated.
This perception spread with colonization. A white Jesus can be found in every culture in which I have been.
I find it fascinating that even as Christianity is diminishing now in the West it is growing in the very places that were colonized. Latin America, Africa and Asia -- and there is a growing movement to strip away white man's religion and make it indigenous. There is such a power struggle with the ancient institutionalized white church wanting to control and the new centers of Christianity growing/coming into their own.
I would say at this moment that religion and language are two major tools of colonization and oppression. Language becomes split in two -- the native language which is often forbidden and the colonizing language which is often the language of the elite -- and that of access.
Access to education -- which takes money. So those who use the native, marketplace language may not have access to that which would open doors and change lives.
The tools of oppression are also the tools for change. A double edged sword.
2009年3月3日星期二
This and That....March 4, 2009
This week is the second week of teaching for the second semester of the academic year at the university where I teach. Some student reactions to the global economic crisis:
1. We don't think it is here in China. We all still have the same amount of pocket money to spend. I suggested this may be because their parent's have stable jobs.
2. Parents are beginning to have to make difficult decisions. If a child cannot find a job after investing in a four year college degree then that investment will not pay off. Should the parent continue to fund college or should the student leave school and go to work?
3. One student suggested that President Obama should control prices in the United States. I explained that he does not have the power to do that, it would have to be accomplished through Congress.
I've been to my Chinese dentist the past two weeks for work on a root canal and crown. I have noticed that his tools look like miniature power tools. I commented to him as such and wondered if people who go into dentistry like working with power tools. He looked at me and said, "Teaching is a little boring?" My dentist in China, by the way, bicycles to work!
In my classes these two weeks the subject of brothers and sisters has come up. I have asked students who talk about brothers and sisters how can this be with the one child policy in place? One female student said that her parent's had four daughters. They were trying for a son but after four girls they could not afford to continue trying -- I assume they had to pay fines for three of the girls. One female student has an older brother. It turns out that she is a Muslim from an ethnic minority and the government allows her minority to have more than one child so that the minority does not disappear. It is highly unusual for a girl to have an older brother, it is almost always the case that the girls have younger brothers or sisters. If a couple has a boy they will stop with that one child. If they have a girl they may try again. This is why the girl with an older brother was particularly significant to me. I also had one female student talk about her little brothers and sisters; it turned out that they are nieces and nephews, she has two uncles and two aunts and each of them has a child.
Sunday I went to another area of Nanjing to visit another Amity teacher, a friend who I enjoy spending time with. Her apartment is much newer than mine, and it was warm. We walked around the campus, eating at a restaurant where the people who worked were very kind. We shopped for me for hair clips and barrettes and stopped at a table outside where a young woman was selling earrings and other jewelry. I ended up buying some things from her because I was pretty sure if I didn't she wouldn't have much to eat that night. Sometimes it is so difficult when I see college age people living hand to mouth and working in the cold in the winter, and the hot in the summer. So many people live without hope for a different tomorrow here. I saw this also in the Philippines. I have wondered lately where the mentally ill or handicapped people are here in China. I read on-line today that under Mao they were considered useless. Now they are being given more respect. The article told of a father who had opened a restaurant in order to expand the world for his son who has cerebral palsy. I wish that there were such opportunities for more of the young people.
My students have talked of moving on to graduate school after their BA in order to avoid for the short term the difficulty of finding employment. They said though that what will happen to those with a BA is that they will be competing with those people who have Master's degrees and it will make it even more difficult for the ones with only a BA.
Heidi took me to a hair salon where I had my nails painted. The nail artist spent at least an hour carefully painting a garden on each of my nails. It cost under $4.00 US for this art. Another friend had her duffle bag repaired here in China and paid 3 yuen, less than 50 cents. My tailor, who has specialized training and skills, is paid so little that he and his family live in the tiny shop where he and his wife sew on their machines. I don't know what in China is given the respect for labor which I believe it should be, but it is clear to me that labor of the hands in art does not.
Something else which comes to mind this evening is both a conversation I recently had here in Nanjing with an American friend, and also information which related to the conversation which I have heard several times. I had hoped to be able to level the playing field in my classes for the students whose families could not afford a high quality pre-university education for their children. I have realized that this may not be a realistic goal. What I am discovering is that some of my students have actually attended English language school previous to this university and have English abilities on the high end in terms of comprehension, speaking and vocabulary. What seems to happen in China is that the students who are deemed the best continue to have doors opened for them. So it is quite possible that the students whose parents can afford private schools are also the students who will receive the scholarships to go overseas for further education, leaving the other students with no windows and no doors to walk through. I am praying that scholarships and other opportunities here in China, and at this university in particular, will become need based and not merit based in order to open the world up to more people.
After flying to several destinations in Asia I do ponder the question: are the Chinese the only Asians who yell out loud with each other over assigned seats?
1. We don't think it is here in China. We all still have the same amount of pocket money to spend. I suggested this may be because their parent's have stable jobs.
2. Parents are beginning to have to make difficult decisions. If a child cannot find a job after investing in a four year college degree then that investment will not pay off. Should the parent continue to fund college or should the student leave school and go to work?
3. One student suggested that President Obama should control prices in the United States. I explained that he does not have the power to do that, it would have to be accomplished through Congress.
I've been to my Chinese dentist the past two weeks for work on a root canal and crown. I have noticed that his tools look like miniature power tools. I commented to him as such and wondered if people who go into dentistry like working with power tools. He looked at me and said, "Teaching is a little boring?" My dentist in China, by the way, bicycles to work!
In my classes these two weeks the subject of brothers and sisters has come up. I have asked students who talk about brothers and sisters how can this be with the one child policy in place? One female student said that her parent's had four daughters. They were trying for a son but after four girls they could not afford to continue trying -- I assume they had to pay fines for three of the girls. One female student has an older brother. It turns out that she is a Muslim from an ethnic minority and the government allows her minority to have more than one child so that the minority does not disappear. It is highly unusual for a girl to have an older brother, it is almost always the case that the girls have younger brothers or sisters. If a couple has a boy they will stop with that one child. If they have a girl they may try again. This is why the girl with an older brother was particularly significant to me. I also had one female student talk about her little brothers and sisters; it turned out that they are nieces and nephews, she has two uncles and two aunts and each of them has a child.
Sunday I went to another area of Nanjing to visit another Amity teacher, a friend who I enjoy spending time with. Her apartment is much newer than mine, and it was warm. We walked around the campus, eating at a restaurant where the people who worked were very kind. We shopped for me for hair clips and barrettes and stopped at a table outside where a young woman was selling earrings and other jewelry. I ended up buying some things from her because I was pretty sure if I didn't she wouldn't have much to eat that night. Sometimes it is so difficult when I see college age people living hand to mouth and working in the cold in the winter, and the hot in the summer. So many people live without hope for a different tomorrow here. I saw this also in the Philippines. I have wondered lately where the mentally ill or handicapped people are here in China. I read on-line today that under Mao they were considered useless. Now they are being given more respect. The article told of a father who had opened a restaurant in order to expand the world for his son who has cerebral palsy. I wish that there were such opportunities for more of the young people.
My students have talked of moving on to graduate school after their BA in order to avoid for the short term the difficulty of finding employment. They said though that what will happen to those with a BA is that they will be competing with those people who have Master's degrees and it will make it even more difficult for the ones with only a BA.
Heidi took me to a hair salon where I had my nails painted. The nail artist spent at least an hour carefully painting a garden on each of my nails. It cost under $4.00 US for this art. Another friend had her duffle bag repaired here in China and paid 3 yuen, less than 50 cents. My tailor, who has specialized training and skills, is paid so little that he and his family live in the tiny shop where he and his wife sew on their machines. I don't know what in China is given the respect for labor which I believe it should be, but it is clear to me that labor of the hands in art does not.
Something else which comes to mind this evening is both a conversation I recently had here in Nanjing with an American friend, and also information which related to the conversation which I have heard several times. I had hoped to be able to level the playing field in my classes for the students whose families could not afford a high quality pre-university education for their children. I have realized that this may not be a realistic goal. What I am discovering is that some of my students have actually attended English language school previous to this university and have English abilities on the high end in terms of comprehension, speaking and vocabulary. What seems to happen in China is that the students who are deemed the best continue to have doors opened for them. So it is quite possible that the students whose parents can afford private schools are also the students who will receive the scholarships to go overseas for further education, leaving the other students with no windows and no doors to walk through. I am praying that scholarships and other opportunities here in China, and at this university in particular, will become need based and not merit based in order to open the world up to more people.
After flying to several destinations in Asia I do ponder the question: are the Chinese the only Asians who yell out loud with each other over assigned seats?
2009年2月23日星期一
February 24, 2009
It's been a while since I have written. Since I have blogged I have managed to get two boxes of Chinese cultural items shipping off to the states -- I hope they make it back. The last time I mailed boxes from Nanning, in Southern China, to Nanjing, a beautiful shawl was missing from one of the packages. It is a frustrating thought that I may not have everything stateside that I sent.
Yesterday I began teaching again. Two of the three classes were those of students I have taught before -- and I was quite happy to see them again. The third class are sophomores who I have not taught over the last three quarters, it is a bit strange to be starting with a new group of students now that I am near the end of my time here.
The classrooms are of course not heated and are so spartan as not to even have a hook for the teacher's coat. I have to lay it on the desks in the front row of the class.
I went in to the lessons for the first day back to classes (8:00 a.m. class -- the very first one after winter break!) with only a loose idea of what we would accomplish. I knew that my students would not have spoken English during the break and would need time to connect brain and tongue again and being to form a foreign language in words and sentences. They all did admirably well in their endeavors....I am concerned about what will happen over the summer because during their junior and senior years they do not have Oral English. I have suggested that they tutor their families and friends in English to keep their skills fresh. This was not met with much enthusiasm.
Our discussions ranged from questions about how long it took to get home and how they got home -- most went by train, a few by bus and at least one by plane; to who was the first person they saw when they got to the train or bus station or to their home. We also discussed if they were warm at home. One student asked for clarification about did this mean was it warm outside at home or were they warm in their houses/apartments. This led further to the realization that if a climate is fairly warm during the winter and t-shirts can be worn outside there is unlikely to be any kind of heating inside and a person can end up needing to wear a coat in the home. On the other hand, if the climate is fiercely chilling then the homes are likely to have good central heating and while wearing coats outside, one can wear a t-shirt inside.
In one of the classes I was asked during the first hour so many questions about my trip to the Philippines and Japan that the second hour I canned the plan to have the students write and share how they celebrated Spring Festival (Chinese Lunar New Year) and instead I sat down with them and we had a question and answer period. I had been having the students write their experiences with SF because I've decided that instead of buying books about Chinese poetry and stories, I will collect those things from my students. They tell the stories in particular beautifully.
There were many good and persceptive questions asked. The one in particular that I am going to present here as a topic of: on the one hand (otoh) -- on the other hand (otoh)....is this: Is a lack of courtesy in a culture due to a lack of religions values or due to a lack of development, i.e. if a country is a third world developing country are the people less likely to be courteous and respectful to one another and foreigners.
Japan is a developed first world country and my experience there was that people were very respectful and polite. But Japan is not only developed it also has a religous heritage of Buddhism and to a degree of Christianity AND the code of ethics that is inherent in the Confucian tradition.
The Philippines is a third world developing country and I found people there to be polite as well, for the most part. The Philippines has a very large majority of Roman Catholics, a smaller minority of Christians, and relatively few people who do not observe a religion.
China is a third world (?) developing country and in my observation has a gaping hole when it comes to spiritual values which include those of respect and humility. I will continue myself to contemplate these observations and as I continue to visit/live in other parts of the world I will have a growing base of knowledge in evaluating this. Is it development or is it religion? Is it have increased contact with other cultures (development) and industrialization or is it having a belief that something outside of oneself has value and deserves courtesy and care?
I hope that for those who may read this blog that these questions will be useful in your own formulations of what is what and who is who.
Yesterday I began teaching again. Two of the three classes were those of students I have taught before -- and I was quite happy to see them again. The third class are sophomores who I have not taught over the last three quarters, it is a bit strange to be starting with a new group of students now that I am near the end of my time here.
The classrooms are of course not heated and are so spartan as not to even have a hook for the teacher's coat. I have to lay it on the desks in the front row of the class.
I went in to the lessons for the first day back to classes (8:00 a.m. class -- the very first one after winter break!) with only a loose idea of what we would accomplish. I knew that my students would not have spoken English during the break and would need time to connect brain and tongue again and being to form a foreign language in words and sentences. They all did admirably well in their endeavors....I am concerned about what will happen over the summer because during their junior and senior years they do not have Oral English. I have suggested that they tutor their families and friends in English to keep their skills fresh. This was not met with much enthusiasm.
Our discussions ranged from questions about how long it took to get home and how they got home -- most went by train, a few by bus and at least one by plane; to who was the first person they saw when they got to the train or bus station or to their home. We also discussed if they were warm at home. One student asked for clarification about did this mean was it warm outside at home or were they warm in their houses/apartments. This led further to the realization that if a climate is fairly warm during the winter and t-shirts can be worn outside there is unlikely to be any kind of heating inside and a person can end up needing to wear a coat in the home. On the other hand, if the climate is fiercely chilling then the homes are likely to have good central heating and while wearing coats outside, one can wear a t-shirt inside.
In one of the classes I was asked during the first hour so many questions about my trip to the Philippines and Japan that the second hour I canned the plan to have the students write and share how they celebrated Spring Festival (Chinese Lunar New Year) and instead I sat down with them and we had a question and answer period. I had been having the students write their experiences with SF because I've decided that instead of buying books about Chinese poetry and stories, I will collect those things from my students. They tell the stories in particular beautifully.
There were many good and persceptive questions asked. The one in particular that I am going to present here as a topic of: on the one hand (otoh) -- on the other hand (otoh)....is this: Is a lack of courtesy in a culture due to a lack of religions values or due to a lack of development, i.e. if a country is a third world developing country are the people less likely to be courteous and respectful to one another and foreigners.
Japan is a developed first world country and my experience there was that people were very respectful and polite. But Japan is not only developed it also has a religous heritage of Buddhism and to a degree of Christianity AND the code of ethics that is inherent in the Confucian tradition.
The Philippines is a third world developing country and I found people there to be polite as well, for the most part. The Philippines has a very large majority of Roman Catholics, a smaller minority of Christians, and relatively few people who do not observe a religion.
China is a third world (?) developing country and in my observation has a gaping hole when it comes to spiritual values which include those of respect and humility. I will continue myself to contemplate these observations and as I continue to visit/live in other parts of the world I will have a growing base of knowledge in evaluating this. Is it development or is it religion? Is it have increased contact with other cultures (development) and industrialization or is it having a belief that something outside of oneself has value and deserves courtesy and care?
I hope that for those who may read this blog that these questions will be useful in your own formulations of what is what and who is who.
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